“vi” is powerful editor which is available in Unix/Linux to edit the text files.Its an command oriented text editor. It has three modes. 1.Insert mode.2.command mode. 3.last line mode.Once you open a file using vi,it opens the file in command mode,which will allow you to move the cursor quickly within a file.Insert mode allows you to enter a new text and modify text in your file. Press “i”,”a” or “o” to get to insert mode. Press ‹Esc› to get back to command mode.In command mode,if you press “:” , you will reach last line mode from where you can exit from the file by saving or without saving.To force quit type “:!” and enter.
The below commands are very useful in day to day administration.
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Inserting and Appending Text | |
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a | Append text after the cursor |
A | Appends text at the end of the line |
i | Inserts text before the cursor |
I | Inserts text at the beginning of the line |
o | Opens a new line below the cursor |
O | Opens a new line above the cursor |
:r | Inserts text from another file into the current file |
Key Sequence for the VI Editor | |
n, left arrow or backspace | Left one characters |
j or down arrow | Down one line |
k or up arrow | Up one line |
l, right arrow or spacebar | Right one character |
w | Forward one word |
b | Back one word |
e | To the end of the current word |
$ | To the end of the line |
0 (zero) | To the beginning of the line |
^ | To the first non whitespace character on the line |
Return | Down to the beginning of the next line |
G | Goes to the last line of the file |
1G | Goes to the first line of the file |
:n | Goes to the line n |
nG | Goes to the line n |
Ctrl F | Pages forward one screen |
Ctrl D | Scroll down one half screen |
Ctrl B | Pages back one screen |
Ctrl U | Scrolls up one half screen |
Ctrl L | Refreshes the screen |
Editing files using the VI editing commands | |
R | Overwrites or replace characters to the right of the cursor |
C | Changes or overwrites characters to the end of the line |
s | Substitute a string for a character at the cursor |
x | Deletes a character at the cursor |
dw | Deletes a word or part of the word to the right of the cursor |
dd | Dletes the line containing the cursor |
D | Deletes the line from the cursor to the right end of the line |
:n,nd | Deletes the line n through n |
Using the Text Changing Commands | |
u | Undoes the previous command |
U | Undoes all changes to the current line |
. | Repeats the previous command |
Search and Replace Command | |
/string | Searches forward for the string |
?string | Searches backward for the string |
n | Searches the next occurrence of the string |
N | Searches for the previous occurrence of the string |
:%s/old/new/g | Searches for the old string and replace it with the new string globally |
Using the text copying and Text Pasting Commands | |
yy | Yanks a copy of a line |
p | Puts yanked or deleted text under the line containing the cursor |
P | Puts yanked or deleted text before the line containing the cursor |
:n,n co n | Copies lines n through n and puts them after line n |
:n,n m n | Moves lines n through n to line n |
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