In NetApp , Volumes are used to store the system data, filesystem and clients data. By default, node’s operating system (mroot) is installed on volume “vol0”. Volumes are created on top of aggregates and vol0 resides on aggr0 by default. The “volume create” command creates a volume on a specified Vserver and storage aggregate. NetApp offerers there type of volumes to meet the customers requirement.
- FlexVol Volume
- Infinite Volume
- FlexCache Volume
FlexVol Volumes:
Clustered Data ONTAP flexible volumes are functionally equivalent to flexible volumes in the Data ONTAP 7-Mode
and the Data ONTAP 7G operating system. However, clustered Data ONTAP systems use flexible volumes differently than Data ONTAP 7-Mode and Data ONTAP 7G systems do. Because Data ONTAP clusters are inherently flexible (particularly because of the volume move capability), volumes are deployed as freely as UNIX directories and
Windows folders are deployed to separate logical groups of data.
Volumes can be created and deleted, mounted and unmounted, moved around, and backed up as needed. To take
advantage of this flexibility, cluster deployments typically use many more volumes than traditional Data ONTAP 7G
deployments use. In a high-availability ( HA) pair, aggregate and volume limits apply to each node individually, so the overall limit for the pair is effectively doubled.
Let’s create a new FlexVolume on ua_vs1 SVM(Vserver).
1. Login to the cluster management LIF as admin.
2. Create a new volume on aggregate “NetUA01_aggr1” in Vserver “ua_vs1” with the size of 100MB.
NetUA::> volume create -vserver ua_vs1 -volume uavol1 -aggregate NetUA01_aggr1 -size 100MB -junction-path /uavol1 [Job 105] Job succeeded: Successful NetUA::>
3. List the volumes to see the newly created one.
NetUA::> vol show
(volume show)
Vserver Volume Aggregate State Type Size Available Used%
--------- ------------ ------------ ---------- ---- ---------- ---------- -----
NetUA-01 vol0 aggr0_01 online RW 851.5MB 421.0MB 50%
NetUA-02 vol0 aggr0_02 online RW 851.5MB 420.2MB 50%
ua_vs1 ua_vs1_root NetUA01_aggr1
online RW 20MB 18.89MB 5%
ua_vs1 uavol1 NetUA01_aggr1
online RW 100MB 94.88MB 5%
4 entries were displayed.
NetUA::>
4. Verify the junction path of the volume and security style.
NetUA::> vol show -vserver ua_vs1 -volume uavol1 -fields junction-path (volume show) vserver volume junction-path ------- ------ ------------- ua_vs1 uavol1 /uavol1 NetUA::> vol show -vserver ua_vs1 -volume uavol1 -fields security-style (volume show) vserver volume security-style ------- ------ -------------- ua_vs1 uavol1 unix NetUA::>
5. To view the full detail of the volume, use the following command.
NetUA::> vol show -vserver ua_vs1 -volume uavol1
(volume show)
Vserver Name: ua_vs1
Volume Name: uavol1
Aggregate Name: NetUA01_aggr1
Volume Size: 100MB
Volume Data Set ID: 1026
Volume Master Data Set ID: 2147484674
Volume State: online
Volume Type: RW
Volume Style: flex
Is Cluster-Mode Volume: true
Is Constituent Volume: false
Export Policy: default
User ID: 0
Group ID: 1
Security Style: unix
UNIX Permissions: ---rwxr-xr-x
Junction Path: /uavol1
Junction Path Source: RW_volume
Junction Active: true
Junction Parent Volume: ua_vs1_root
Comment:
Available Size: 94.88MB
Filesystem Size: 100MB
Total User-Visible Size: 95MB
Used Size: 124KB
Used Percentage: 5%
Volume Nearly Full Threshold Percent: 95%
Volume Full Threshold Percent: 98%
Maximum Autosize (for flexvols only): 120MB
Autosize Increment (for flexvols only): 5MB
Minimum Autosize: 100MB
Autosize Grow Threshold Percentage: 85%
Autosize Shrink Threshold Percentage: 50%
Autosize Mode: off
Autosize Enabled (for flexvols only): false
Total Files (for user-visible data): 3033
Files Used (for user-visible data): 96
Space Guarantee Style: volume
Space Guarantee in Effect: true
Snapshot Directory Access Enabled: true
Space Reserved for Snapshots: 5%
Snapshot Reserve Used: 0%
Snapshot Policy: default
Creation Time: Sat Dec 05 17:53:43 2015
Language: C.UTF-8
Clone Volume: false
Antivirus On-Access Policy: default
Node name: NetUA-01
NVFAIL Option: off
Is File System Size Fixed: false
Extent Option: off
Reserved Space for Overwrites: 0B
Fractional Reserve: 100%
Snapshot Cloning Dependency: off
Primary Space Management Strategy: volume_grow
Read Reallocation Option: off
Inconsistency in the File System: false
Is Volume Quiesced (On-Disk): false
Is Volume Quiesced (In-Memory): false
Volume Contains Shared or Compressed Data: false
Space Saved by Storage Efficiency: 0B
Percentage Saved by Storage Efficiency: 0%
Space Saved by Deduplication: 0B
Percentage Saved by Deduplication: 0%
Space Shared by Deduplication: 0B
Space Saved by Compression: 0B
Percentage Space Saved by Compression: 0%
Block Type: 64-bit
FlexCache Connection Status: -
Is Volume Moving: false
Flash Pool Caching Eligibility: read-write
Flash Pool Write Caching Ineligibility Reason: -
Managed By Storage Service: -
Create Namespace Mirror Constituents For SnapDiff Use: -
Constituent Volume Role: -
QoS Policy Group Name: -
Is Volume Move in Cutover Phase: false
Number of Snapshot Copies in the Volume: 0
NetUA::>
This FlexVol volume can be export to NFS clients directly. For CIFS clients, you need to create the shares.
7-Mode Volume vs C-Mode Volume:
- C-Mode Namespaces allows to mount the volume on top of another volume.
- Volumes are distributed across the node.
[box type=”info” align=”” class=”” width=””]Junctions are conceptually similar to UNIX mount points. In UNIX, a disk can be divided into partitions, and then those partitions can be mounted at multiple places relative to the root of the local file system, including in a hierarchical manner. Likewise, the flexible volumes in a Data ONTAP cluster can be mounted at junction points within other volumes to form a single namespace that is distributed throughout the cluster. Although junctions appear as directories, junctions have the basic functionality of symbolic links. A volume is not visible in the namespace of its Vserver until the volume is mounted within the namespace.[/box]
Junction paths:
NetUA::> volume show -vserver ua_vs1 -volume * -fields junction-path vserver volume junction-path ------- ----------- ------------- ua_vs1 ua_vs1_root / ua_vs1 uavol1 /uavol1 2 entries were displayed. NetUA::>
If you would like to modify the junction path of the existing volume, just remount it like following.
NetUA::> volume show -vserver ua_vs1 -volume * -fields junction-path
vserver volume junction-path
------- ----------- -------------
ua_vs1 ua_vs1_root /
ua_vs1 uavol1 /uavol1
2 entries were displayed.
NetUA::> volume unmount -vserver ua_vs1 -volume uavol1
NetUA::> volume mount -vserver ua_vs1 -volume uavol1 -junction-path /uavol1_new
NetUA::> volume show
show show-footprint show-space
NetUA::> volume show -vserver ua_vs1 -volume * -fields junction-path
vserver volume junction-path
------- ----------- -------------
ua_vs1 ua_vs1_root /
ua_vs1 uavol1 /uavol1_new
2 entries were displayed.
NetUA::>
You need to junction path to mount the volumes on NFS clients.
Example:
root@uacloud:~# mount -t nfs 192.168.0.123:/uavol1_new /uavol1
192.168.0.123 is Vserver LIF /uavol1_new is volume Junction Path.
FlexCache Volumes:
A FlexCache volume is a sparsely-populated volume on a cluster node, that is backed by a FlexVol volume. It is usually created on a different node within the cluster. A FlexCache volume provides access to data in the origin volume without requiring that all the data be in the sparse volume. You can use only FlexVol volumes to create FlexCache volumes. However, many of the regular FlexVol volume features are not supported on FlexCache volumes, such as Snapshot copy creation, deduplication, compression, FlexClone volume creation, volume move, and volume copy. You can use FlexCache volumes to speed up access to data, or to offload traffic from heavily accessed volumes. FlexCache volumes help improve performance, especially when clients need to access the same data repeatedly, because the data can be served directly without having to access the source. Therefore, you can use FlexCache volumes to handle system workloads that are read-intensive. Cache consistency techniques help in ensuring that the data that is served by the FlexCache volumes remains consistent with the data in the origin volumes.
Reason to Deploy Flexcahe:
- Decrease IO latency
- Increase IOPS
- Balance Resources
- The cache volumes are a part of the same namespace as the origin volume.
- An incoming file operation may be served from the cache volume or from the origin volume depending on which LIF is used for the operation. If a cache volume exists on the node containing the LIF that gets the incoming request, the operation may be served from the cache volume on that node.
- FlexCache is suitable for work loads that are read intensive and for data that does not change frequently.
- Pulls the data on demand
- Just caches the data blocks requested. Unlike load sharing mirrors, FlexCache only caches the data blocks that are accessed. A cache is populated only when there is a request for the data.
- It supports NFS v3/v4 and SMB 1.0/2.0/3.0
- Clients are not aware of which volume (origin or FlexCache) is serving the data.
Let’s assume that uavol1 is experiencing some performance issue. To improve the read performance of uavol1, just create a flexcache.
1.Login to the Cluster LIF and list the volumes.
NetUA::> vol show
(volume show)
Vserver Volume Aggregate State Type Size Available Used%
--------- ------------ ------------ ---------- ---- ---------- ---------- -----
NetUA-01 vol0 aggr0_01 online RW 851.5MB 359.1MB 57%
NetUA-02 vol0 aggr0_02 online RW 851.5MB 412.0MB 51%
ua_vs1 ua_vs1_root NetUA01_aggr1
online RW 20MB 18.88MB 5%
ua_vs1 uavol1 NetUA01_aggr1
online RW 100MB 94.87MB 5%
6 entries were displayed.
NetUA::>
2.Create the flexcache volume for uavol1. The following command create the cache volumes on all the cluster nodes if you didn’t specify the node names.
NetUA::> volume flexcache create -vserver ua_vs1 -origin-volume uavol1 Successfully created cache volume "uavol1_cache_NetUA01_aggr1" in aggregate "NetUA01_aggr1". Successfully created cache volume "uavol1_cache_NetUA01_aggr2" in aggregate "NetUA01_aggr2". The origin volume "uavol1" is now cached on all qualifying aggregates in the cluster. NetUA::>
3. Verify the newly created flex cache volumes.
NetUA::> vol show
show show-footprint show-space
NetUA::> vol show
(volume show)
Vserver Volume Aggregate State Type Size Available Used%
--------- ------------ ------------ ---------- ---- ---------- ---------- -----
NetUA-01 vol0 aggr0_01 online RW 851.5MB 359.4MB 57%
NetUA-02 vol0 aggr0_02 online RW 851.5MB 412.6MB 51%
ua_vs1 ua_vs1_root NetUA01_aggr1
online RW 20MB 18.88MB 5%
ua_vs1 uavol1 NetUA01_aggr1
online RW 100MB 94.87MB 5%
ua_vs1 uavol1_cache_NetUA01_aggr1
NetUA01_aggr1
online DC 20MB 19.90MB 0%
ua_vs1 uavol1_cache_NetUA01_aggr2
NetUA01_aggr2
online DC 20MB 19.90MB 0%
6 entries were displayed.
4. If you would like to check the active flex cache on the cluster , use the following command.
NetUA::> volume flexcache show
--------------------Cache-------------- Conn.- -----Origin-----------
Vserver Volume Aggregate Size State Available Status Volume Aggregate State
------- ------ --------- ----- ------ --------- ------ ------ --------- -----
ua_vs1 uavol1_cache_NetUA01_aggr1
NetUA01_aggr1
20MB online 19.90MB ok uavol1 NetUA01_aggr1
online
uavol1_cache_NetUA01_aggr2
NetUA01_aggr2
20MB online 19.90MB ok uavol1 NetUA01_aggr1
online
2 entries were displayed.
NetUA::>
5. To list the specific volume and related objects, use the following command.
NetUA::> volume show -vserver ua_vs1 -volume uavol1*
Vserver Volume Aggregate State Type Size Available Used%
--------- ------------ ------------ ---------- ---- ---------- ---------- -----
ua_vs1 uavol1 NetUA01_aggr1
online RW 100MB 94.87MB 5%
ua_vs1 uavol1_cache_NetUA01_aggr1
NetUA01_aggr1
online DC 20MB 19.90MB 0%
ua_vs1 uavol1_cache_NetUA01_aggr2
NetUA01_aggr2
online DC 20MB 19.90MB 0%
3 entries were displayed.
NetUA::>
6. You have option to filter the volumes using type.
NetUA::> volume show -type ?
RW read-write volume
LS load-sharing volume
DP data-protection volume
TMP temporary volume
DC data-cache volume
NetUA::> volume show -vserver ua_vs1 -volume uavol1*
NetUA::> volume show -type DC
Vserver Volume Aggregate State Type Size Available Used%
--------- ------------ ------------ ---------- ---- ---------- ---------- -----
ua_vs1 uavol1_cache_NetUA01_aggr1
NetUA01_aggr1
online DC 20MB 19.90MB 0%
ua_vs1 uavol1_cache_NetUA01_aggr2
NetUA01_aggr2
online DC 20MB 19.90MB 0%
2 entries were displayed.
NetUA::> volume show -type RW
Vserver Volume Aggregate State Type Size Available Used%
--------- ------------ ------------ ---------- ---- ---------- ---------- -----
NetUA-01 vol0 aggr0_01 online RW 851.5MB 359.0MB 57%
NetUA-02 vol0 aggr0_02 online RW 851.5MB 411.7MB 51%
ua_vs1 ua_vs1_root NetUA01_aggr1
online RW 20MB 18.88MB 5%
ua_vs1 uavol1 NetUA01_aggr1
online RW 100MB 94.87MB 5%
4 entries were displayed.
NetUA::>
7.Flex Cache volumes uses the same name space of Flex-volume (original volume)
NetUA::> volume show -fields junction-path uavol1*
vserver volume junction-path
------- ------ -------------
ua_vs1 uavol1 /uavol1_new
ua_vs1 uavol1_cache_NetUA01_aggr1
/uavol1_new
ua_vs1 uavol1_cache_NetUA01_aggr2
/uavol1_new
3 entries were displayed.
NetUA::>
NetUA::>
8. To see the flex cache-policy for all the Vservers, you need to gain the advanced privileges.
NetUA::> set advanced
Warning: These advanced commands are potentially dangerous; use them only when directed to do so by NetApp personnel.
Do you want to continue? {y|n}: y
NetUA::*> volume show
show show-footprint show-space
NetUA::*> volume flexcache
cache-policy create delete show
NetUA::*> volume flexcache cache-policy show
Policy File Dir Meta Symbol Other Delegation Prefer
Vserver Name TTL TTL TTL TTL TTL LRU timeout LocalCache
--------- ---------- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ----------- ----------
ua_vs1 default 0 0 15 0 0 3600 false
NetUA::*>
INFINITE VOLUME:
SVMs with Infinite Volume can contain only one infinite volume to serve data. Each SVM with Infinite Volume includes only one junction path, which has a default value of /NS. The junction provides a single mount point for the large namespace provided by the SVM with Infinite Volume. You cannot add more junctions to an SVM with Infinite Volume. However, you can increase the size of the infinite volume. SVMs with Infinite Volume can contain only files. They provide file-level data access by using NFS and CIFS (SMB 1.0) protocols. SVMs with Infinite Volume cannot contain LUNs and do not provide block-level data access.
Namespace mirror is a type of data protection mirror. It is not a load-sharing or FlexCache device. The namespace mirror is not an active namespace constituent. It cannot serve the incoming requests until it is promoted to a namespace constituent, in case the namespace constituent is not available.
Let’s Configure the Infinite volume.
1.Login to the cluster LIF as admin
2.Create a Vserver to host an infinite volume.
NetUA::*> vserver create -vserver infisvm -rootvolume infisvm_root -aggregate NetUA01_aggr2 -ns-switch file -nm-switch file -rootvolume-security-style unix -language C -is-repository true
[Job 165] Job succeeded: Vserver creation completed
NetUA::*>
NetUA::*> vserver show
Admin Root Name Name
Vserver Type State Volume Aggregate Service Mapping
----------- ------- --------- ---------- ---------- ------- -------
NetUA admin - - - - -
NetUA-01 node - - - - -
NetUA-02 node - - - - -
infisvm data running infisvm_ NetUA01_ file file
root aggr2
ua_vs1 data running ua_vs1_ NetUA01_ file file
root aggr1
5 entries were displayed.
NetUA::*> vserver show infisvm
Vserver: infisvm
Vserver Type: data
Vserver UUID: 30bd38e7-9d13-11e5-b3cd-123478563412
Root Volume: infisvm_root
Aggregate: NetUA01_aggr2
Name Service Switch: file
Name Mapping Switch: file
NIS Domain: -
Root Volume Security Style: unix
LDAP Client: -
Default Volume Language Code: C
Snapshot Policy: default-1weekly
Comment:
Antivirus On-Access Policy: repos_disabled_antivirus_onaccess_policy
Quota Policy: default
List of Aggregates Assigned: -
Limit on Maximum Number of Volumes allowed: unlimited
Vserver Admin State: running
Allowed Protocols: nfs, cifs
Disallowed Protocols: fcp, iscsi, ndmp
Is Vserver with Infinite Volume: true
QoS Policy Group: -
NetUA::*>
3. Create a 6-GB infinite volume. You must be in “Advanced” privileges mode to create the infinite volume.
NetUA::*> vol create -vserver infisvm -volume bigvol1 -size 2gb -junction-path /bigvol1 -state online -policy repos_namespace_export_policy -data-aggr-list NetUA01_aggr2,NetUA01_aggr1
(volume create)
[Job 168] Job succeeded: Created Infinite Volume successfully.
NetUA::*>
NetUA::*> vol show -vserver infisvm
(volume show)
Vserver Volume Aggregate State Type Size Available Used%
--------- ------------ ------------ ---------- ---- ---------- ---------- -----
infisvm bigvol1 - online RW 2GB 1.90GB 5%
infisvm infisvm_root NetUA01_aggr2
online RW 20MB 18.88MB 5%
2 entries were displayed.
NetUA::*>
4. You can see more information about the infinitie volume when you switch to the diag mode.
NetUA::*> set diag
Warning: These diagnostic commands are for use by NetApp personnel only.
Do you want to continue? {y|n}: y
NetUA::*> vol show -vserver infisvm
(volume show)
Vserver Volume Aggregate State Type Size Available Used%
--------- ------------ ------------ ---------- ---- ---------- ---------- -----
infisvm bigvol1 - online RW 2GB 1.90GB 5%
infisvm bigvol1_1024_data0001
NetUA01_aggr1
online RW 768MB 729.5MB 5%
infisvm bigvol1_1024_data0002
NetUA01_aggr2
online RW 768MB 729.5MB 5%
infisvm bigvol1_ns NetUA01_aggr1
online RW 256MB 243.1MB 5%
infisvm bigvol1_ns_mirror0001
NetUA01_aggr2
online DP 256MB 243.1MB 5%
infisvm infisvm_root NetUA01_aggr2
online RW 20MB 18.86MB 5%
6 entries were displayed.
NetUA::*> vol show -vserver infisvm -fields is-constituent,constituent-role
(volume show)
vserver volume is-constituent constituent-role
------- ------- -------------- ----------------
infisvm bigvol1 false -
infisvm bigvol1_1024_data0001
true data
infisvm bigvol1_1024_data0002
true data
infisvm bigvol1_ns
true namespace
infisvm bigvol1_ns_mirror0001
true ns_mirror
infisvm infisvm_root
false -
6 entries were displayed.
NetUA::*> vol show -vserver infisvm -fields aggregate,size
(volume show)
vserver volume aggregate size
------- ------- --------- ----
infisvm bigvol1 - 2GB
infisvm bigvol1_1024_data0001
NetUA01_aggr1
768MB
infisvm bigvol1_1024_data0002
NetUA01_aggr2
768MB
infisvm bigvol1_ns
NetUA01_aggr1
256MB
infisvm bigvol1_ns_mirror0001
NetUA01_aggr2
256MB
infisvm infisvm_root
NetUA01_aggr2
20MB
6 entries were displayed.
NetUA::*>
5. Verify the junction path for the infinite volume.
NetUA::> vol show -vserver infisvm -volume bigvol1 -fields junction-path (volume show) vserver volume junction-path ------- ------- ------------- infisvm bigvol1 /bigvol1 NetUA::>
6.In an order to access the Infinite volume hosting Vserver, you must create the LIF for that.
NetUA::> net int create -vserver infisvm -lif infisvmlif -role data -home-node NetUA-02 -home-port e0d -address 192.168.0.124 -netmask 255.255.255.0
(network interface create)
Info: Your interface was created successfully; the routing group d192.168.0.0/24 was created
NetUA::> net int show
(network interface show)
Logical Status Network Current Current Is
Vserver Interface Admin/Oper Address/Mask Node Port Home
----------- ---------- ---------- ------------------ ------------- ------- ----
NetUA
cluster_mgmt up/up 192.168.0.101/24 NetUA-02 e0f false
NetUA-01
clus1 up/up 169.254.81.224/16 NetUA-01 e0a true
clus2 up/up 169.254.220.127/16 NetUA-01 e0b true
mgmt1 up/up 192.168.0.91/24 NetUA-01 e0f true
NetUA-02
clus1 up/up 169.254.124.94/16 NetUA-02 e0a true
clus2 up/up 169.254.244.74/16 NetUA-02 e0b true
mgmt1 up/up 192.168.0.92/24 NetUA-02 e0f true
infisvm
infisvmlif up/up 192.168.0.124/24 NetUA-02 e0d true
ua_vs1
uadata1 up/up 192.168.0.123/24 NetUA-01 e0c true
9 entries were displayed.
NetUA::>
7. Add the default router for the Vserver “infisvm”.
NetUA::> net routing-groups route create -vserver infisvm -routing-group d192.168.0.0/24 -destination 0.0.0.0/0 -gateway 192.168.0.1
(network routing-groups route create)
NetUA::> net routing-groups route show
(network routing-groups route show)
Routing
Vserver Group Destination Gateway Metric
--------- --------- --------------- --------------- ------
NetUA
c192.168.0.0/24
0.0.0.0/0 192.168.0.1 20
NetUA-01
n192.168.0.0/24
0.0.0.0/0 192.168.0.1 10
NetUA-02
n192.168.0.0/24
0.0.0.0/0 192.168.0.1 10
infisvm
d192.168.0.0/24
0.0.0.0/0 192.168.0.1 20
ua_vs1
d192.168.0.0/24
0.0.0.0/0 192.168.0.1 20
5 entries were displayed.
NetUA::>
You should be able to access the SVM “infisvm” from the NFS or CIFS clients . To mount the infinite volume , you must configure the export policy. We will see more about export policy in up coming article.
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